Experience in surgical treatment of type Ⅱ odontoid fractures: A report of two cases and review of the literature / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Two cases of type Ⅱ odontoid fractures were reported to share our experience in surgery treatment of such cases. A 33-year-old woman with comminuted type Ⅱ odontoid fracture and a 42-year-old man with fracture end hardened type Ⅱ odontoid fracture received surgical treatment in our hospital. Though imaging examination suggested that these two patients were suitable for anterior screw fixation, we encountered difficulties during the operation. The two patients eventually underwent posterior C

Clinical effects of arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament and minimally invasive reconstruction of posteromedial corner / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects of arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and minimally invasive reconstruction of posteromedial corner (PMC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>There were 22 cases of ACL and PMC tear were performed with reconstruction from March 2012 to February 2014. The patients were 29.4 years old on average, including 8 males and 14 females. ACL reconstruction was performed under arthroscopy and PMC reconstruction was performed minimally invasively through the ACL incision. The stability of knee was assessed by anterior drawer test,Lachman test,vulgus stress test and Slocum test. The function of knee was assessed by Lysholm score and Tegner activity rating. MRI of knee was checked 12 months after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The stability tests of all patients were negative at 2 and 6 months after operation, and there was one positive case in anterior drawer test and another positive case in vulgus stress test at 12 months after operation. Lysholm score of all patients 12 months after operation was 96.8 +/- 6.8, which was significantly better than 32.0 +/- 11.2 before operation. Tegner activity rating of all patients at 12 months postoperatively was 6.1 +/- 0.9, which was significantly better than 0.9 +/- 0.5 before operation. It showed the grafts were very well in the MRI 12 months postoperatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and minimally invasive PMC reconstruction can restore the stability of knee.</p>

Mechanisms involved in the effect of aerobic exercise on knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

With the aging of the population, the incidence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is increasing year by year. Exercise is one of the none medicine therapies in KOA rehabilitation. When making proper KOA exercise prescription, it's necessary to consider about the mechanisms involved in the interaction between exercise and articular cartilage, and obey the principle of choosing right programs, moderate frequency and intensity avoiding the injury of articular cartilage. The standard of KOA sport prescription is still controversial, so the mechanisms involved in the effect of aerobic exercise on protecting and damaging the articular cartilage need further research.

Effect of icariin on bone destruction and serum RANKL/OPG levels in type II collagen-induced arthritis rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Icariin (ICA) on serum receptor activator of NFkappaB-ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) production and bone destruction in type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CIA rat model was established in all rats, except those in the normal group (n = 8) using bovine type II collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant. Totally 24 CIA rats with arthritis index (AI) > or = 6 were selected and divided into the model group, the methotrexate (MTX) group, and the ICA group according to the AI score, 8 in each group. Normal saline was given to rats in the normal group and the model group by gastrogavage. MTX at the weekly dose of 5 mg/kg was given to rats in the MTX group. ICA at the daily dose of 20 mg/kg was given to rats in the ICA group. All medication lasted for 4 weeks. The AI scores were recorded once a week. Histomorphologic changes of the ankle joint were observed by HE staining. The bone destruction and the osteoporosis of the foot phalanx were detected by X-ray. Serum levels of RANKL and OPG were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 4-week intervention, when compared with the model group, AI score and Larsen score were significantly lower, the serum RANKL concentration and the RANKL/OPG ratio obviously decreased, while the serum OPG concentration obviously increased in the CIA group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In the MTX group, the aforesaid indices decreased, but without statistical difference (P > 0.05). Results of HE staining indicated that hyperplasia of joint synovium, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and the degree of articular cartilage destruction were obviously alleviated in the ICA group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ICA could alleviate or lessen the degree of articular cartilage destruction in CIA rats, and its mechanism might be associated with reducing serum levels of RANKL and elevating levels of OPG, thus further decreasing the ratio of RANKL/OPG.</p>

Effects of mechanical stimulation on expression of integrin subunits in chondrocyte / 中国骨伤

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a kind of degenerative disease characterized by hyperosteogeny at the joint margins and articular cartilage degeneration. Mechanical stress can regulate the multiple functions of cells. The integrin as one of the mechanoreceptors on the surface of cells, mainly mediated adhesion between cells and extracellular matrix, which plays an important role in the mechanical signal transmission to regulate the physiological functions of cell. Therefore, it is very important to select proper mechanical stimulation (such as naprapathy) in the early and middle stage of osteoarthritis, which regulate the expression of integrins to affect the function of chondrocytes, repair the damaged chondrocyte and delay the articular cartilage degeneration.

A Strategy to Optimize the Oligo-Probes for Microarray-based Detection of Viruses / 中国病毒学

DNA microarrays have been acknowledged to represent a promising approach for the detection of viral pathogens. However, the probes designed for current arrays could cover only part of the given viral variants, that could result in false-negative or ambiguous data. If all the variants are to be covered, the requirement for more probes would render much higher spot density and thus higher cost of the arrays. Here we have developed a new strategy for oligonucleotide probe design. Using type I human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) tat gene as an example, we designed the array probes and validated the optimized parameters in silico. Results show that the oligo number is significantly reduced comparing with the existing methods, while specificity and hybridization efficiency remain intact. The adoption of this method in reducing the oligo numbers could increase the detection capacity for DNA microarrays, and would significantly lower the manufacturing cost for making array chips.